{"id":7701,"date":"2022-02-22T08:20:00","date_gmt":"2022-02-22T07:20:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/spacewell.com\/non-classifiee\/bim-gem-ou-comment-faciliter-la-maintenance-dun-batiment-durant-sa-phase-dexploitation\/"},"modified":"2023-11-30T14:20:37","modified_gmt":"2023-11-30T13:20:37","slug":"bim-gem-ou-comment-faciliter-la-maintenance-dun-batiment-durant-sa-phase-dexploitation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/spacewell.com\/fr\/ressources\/blog\/bim-gem-ou-comment-faciliter-la-maintenance-dun-batiment-durant-sa-phase-dexploitation\/","title":{"rendered":"BIM GEM ou comment faciliter la maintenance d\u2019un b\u00e2timent durant sa phase d\u2019exploitation ?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Le BIM GEM est une nouvelle application du concept de BIM qui permet de faciliter et d\u2019optimiser la maintenance d\u2019un b\u00e2timent en \u00e9largissant son champ d\u2019application. En reliant la maquette num\u00e9rique de conception du b\u00e2timent, des capteurs install\u00e9s sur les \u00e9quipements et un logiciel GMAO, le BIM GEM aide les intervenants de maintenance \u00e0 r\u00e9duire les co\u00fbts d\u2019exploitation en optimisant leurs interventions. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Du BIM construction au BIM GEM<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Qu\u2019est-ce que le BIM ?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Le terme BIM signifie en anglais \u00ab Building Information Modeling \u00bb ou \u00ab Building Information Management \u00bb, que l\u2019on peut traduire par \u00ab b\u00e2ti immobilier mod\u00e9lis\u00e9 \u00bb ou \u00ab mod\u00e9lisation des donn\u00e9es d\u2019un b\u00e2timent \u00bb. Il d\u00e9signe une m\u00e9thode de travail fond\u00e9e sur l\u2019utilisation d\u2019une maquette num\u00e9rique (ou jumeau num\u00e9rique) en trois dimensions, qui permet une structuration intelligente des informations relatives \u00e0 la construction ou \u00e0 l\u2019exploitation d\u2019un b\u00e2timent ou de tout ouvrage. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9 dans les ann\u00e9es 60, le concept de BIM s\u2019est v\u00e9ritablement d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 dans les ann\u00e9es 2010 et est aujourd\u2019hui largement diffus\u00e9 dans le secteur de la construction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lire aussi : Qu\u2019est ce que Open BIM ?<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

BIM et construction<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Dans le BTP, les logiciels BIM sont ainsi devenus essentiels gr\u00e2ce aux avantages \u00e9cologiques et \u00e9conomiques qu\u2019ils procurent. Gr\u00e2ce au partage intelligent des donn\u00e9es et \u00e0 la conception de maquettes 3D dynamiques, le BIM aide \u00e0 unifier les m\u00e9thodes et \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer les d\u00e9lais de r\u00e9alisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cet outil est particuli\u00e8rement utile dans un contexte o\u00f9 les projets de construction, toujours plus grands, impliquent de plus en plus d\u2019intervenants et doivent respecter toujours plus de contraintes. Le BIM favorise une collaboration efficace en offrant un r\u00e9f\u00e9rentiel commun, ce qui permet \u00e0 tous les partenaires d\u2019un projet de parler le m\u00eame langage et d\u2019avancer dans la m\u00eame direction. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans la pratique, l\u2019utilisation d\u2019une maquette 3D leur permet de visualiser le projet dans son ensemble et de rep\u00e9rer avant la mise en \u0153uvre les \u00e9ventuels d\u00e9fauts ou d\u00e9faillances. Le BIM peut aujourd\u2019hui \u00eatre facilement connect\u00e9 aux autres outils informatiques utilis\u00e9s, par exemple les logiciels d\u2019architectes ou des bureaux d\u2019\u00e9tudes. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Avec l\u2019\u00e9change en temps r\u00e9el et l\u2019automatisation de la mod\u00e9lisation, la simulation \u00e0 l\u2019aide d\u2019une maquette permet une v\u00e9rification pr\u00e9alable du projet pour \u00e9viter les d\u00e9fauts de construction et le respect des r\u00e9glementations en vigueur. Cette maquette peut m\u00eame \u00eatre actualis\u00e9e durant la phase de construction, afin de s\u2019assurer de la bonne organisation et d\u2019une synchronisation optimale du travail des diff\u00e9rents intervenants. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019aspect collaboratif du BIM repr\u00e9sente ainsi un v\u00e9ritable avantage pour optimiser co\u00fbts et d\u00e9lais : les entrepreneurs, architectes, ma\u00eetres d\u2019ouvrage et ing\u00e9nieurs collaborent plus facilement autour d\u2019un projet concret. C\u2019est pourquoi cet outil a aujourd\u2019hui tendance \u00e0 \u00eatre utilis\u00e9 au-del\u00e0 de la phase de construction, pour l\u2019exploitation et la maintenance. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le BIM GEM au service de la maintenance<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019importance des co\u00fbts d\u2019exploitation d\u2019un b\u00e2timent<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Par rapport au co\u00fbt global d\u2019un b\u00e2timent, calcul\u00e9 sur l\u2019ensemble du cycle de vie, les sommes investies pour l\u2019exploitation, la maintenance et la d\u00e9molition repr\u00e9sentent en moyenne 75%, contre seulement 5% pour la phase de conception et 20% pour la construction. En outre, les activit\u00e9s li\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019exploitation constituent la deuxi\u00e8me source de d\u00e9penses des entreprises, apr\u00e8s celles li\u00e9es aux ressources humaines. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans ce contexte, pourquoi ne pas utiliser le BIM pour g\u00e9rer la maintenance des b\u00e2timents et en optimiser les co\u00fbts en phase d\u2019exploitation ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment fonctionne le BIM GEM ?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Jusqu\u2019\u00e0 r\u00e9cemment, le BIM \u00e9tait beaucoup plus utilis\u00e9 pendant la phase d\u2019exploitation que pour la construction d\u2019un b\u00e2timent, alors qu\u2019il s\u2019agit de la phase la plus longue de la vie d\u2019un b\u00e2timent et qu\u2019il dispose de nombreux atouts pour favoriser une maintenance immobili\u00e8re de qualit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019utilisation d\u2019une maquette 3D permet en effet de suivre l\u2019occupation, l\u2019usure ou la consommation \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique d\u2019un b\u00e2timent : c\u2019est le BIM GEM. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 celui-ci, les intervenants de maintenance acc\u00e8dent \u00e0 une bonne connaissance des installations sur lesquelles ils interviennent, y compris au gr\u00e9 des \u00e9volutions et am\u00e9liorations qui leur sont apport\u00e9es au fil du temps. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

La maquette 3D leur permet ainsi de localiser facilement les \u00e9l\u00e9ments et locaux techniques, mais aussi et surtout d\u2019optimiser leurs interventions et la pertinence de celles-ci. Tout comme dans la phase de construction, le BIM GEM permet une bonne communication et collaboration des diff\u00e9rents acteurs de la maintenance d\u2019un b\u00e2timent. Il facilite notamment le respect des r\u00e9glementations, la compr\u00e9hension par chacun du travail d\u00e9j\u00e0 effectu\u00e9 par d\u2019autres, et donc la coh\u00e9rence globale de la maintenance. <\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n

\n\n
\"BIM\"<\/figure>\n\n<\/div>\n\n
\n\n

BIM GEM et GMAO<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Le principal enjeu du BIM GEM est d\u2019assurer la continuit\u00e9 entre la maquette de conception du b\u00e2timent et la maintenance de celui-ci. Pour ce faire, le BIM d\u2019exploitation doit se baser sur le BIM d\u2019origine et \u00eatre pens\u00e9 comme une entit\u00e9 \u00e0 part enti\u00e8re, contenant les \u00e9l\u00e9ments pertinents pour l\u2019exploitation et \u00e9volutive. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Concr\u00e8tement, la mise en place du BIM GEM pour g\u00e9rer la maintenance d\u2019un b\u00e2timent consiste dans un premier temps \u00e0 extraire les donn\u00e9es de la maquette num\u00e9rique de conception vers un logiciel GMAO (Gestion de la maintenance assist\u00e9e par ordinateur). Ensuite, les \u00e9volutions du b\u00e2timent sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9es au mod\u00e8le d\u2019origine \u00e0 l\u2019aide de connecteurs et d\u2019applications informatiques pour obtenir un jumeau num\u00e9rique du b\u00e2timent \u00e9volutif en temps r\u00e9el. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il devient alors possible de g\u00e9rer la maintenance au plus pr\u00e8s des besoins du b\u00e2timent, gr\u00e2ce au suivi d\u2019occupation, \u00e0 la gestion des interventions, au pilotage des travaux, etc. Par exemple, en cas de panne ou dysfonctionnement technique d\u2019un \u00e9quipement, la GMAO re\u00e7oit les informations et g\u00e9n\u00e8re une alarme, puis d\u00e9clenche automatiquement une demande d\u2019intervention. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par ailleurs, il est important de prendre en compte les bonnes informations dans la maquette num\u00e9rique d\u2019exploitation du b\u00e2timent. Le BIM de gestion exploitation maintenance doit ainsi d\u00e9finir d\u00e8s le d\u00e9part les attentes vis-\u00e0-vis du projet et la fa\u00e7on de structurer l\u2019information. De la sorte, l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 des outils informatiques choisis et l\u2019utilisation de m\u00e9thodes adapt\u00e9es aux besoins actuels permettront un suivi sur le long terme, des interventions de maintenance cibl\u00e9es et une gestion coh\u00e9rente. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sur le long terme ou m\u00eame \u00e0 moyen terme, l\u2019investissement dans la mise en place du BIM GEM peut s\u2019av\u00e9rer tr\u00e8s rentable pour une entreprise charg\u00e9e de l\u2019exploitation d\u2019un b\u00e2timent. En choisissant les bons outils num\u00e9riques et une organisation coh\u00e9rente, elle verra les co\u00fbts d\u2019exploitation baisser nettement, augmentera la dur\u00e9e de vie et la qualit\u00e9 de fonctionnement de tous les \u00e9quipements du b\u00e2timent et sera en mesure de r\u00e9pondre efficacement aux enjeux environnementaux qui p\u00e8sent de plus en plus lourdement sur son activit\u00e9. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour aller plus loin, vous pouvez aussi visionner notre webinar d\u00e9di\u00e9 au BIM GEM<\/a> (vid\u00e9o en anglais).<\/p>\n\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le BIM GEM est une nouvelle application du concept de BIM qui permet de faciliter et d\u2019optimiser la maintenance d\u2019un b\u00e2timent en \u00e9largissant son champ d\u2019application. En reliant la maquette num\u00e9rique de conception du b\u00e2timent, des capteurs install\u00e9s sur les \u00e9quipements et un logiciel GMAO, le BIM GEM aide les intervenants de maintenance \u00e0 r\u00e9duire … Lire plus<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":29,"featured_media":2489,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[34],"tags":[61],"class_list":["post-7701","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","tag-maintenance","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-50","no-featured-image-padding"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nBIM GEM : quels avantages pour la maintenance du b\u00e2timent ?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"L'utilisation du BIM GEM pendant la phase d'exploitation d'un b\u00e2timent rend sa maintenance beaucoup plus facile et efficace.\" \/>\n<meta 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